Lehre und Wehre St. Louis, Missouri — October 1863, Seite 303

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Theologische Axiome.

XXIII. Von der weltlichen Obrigkeit.

1. Principio fuit magistratus penes capita familiarum, sed aucto genere humano in certas quasdam personas collatus. (Kromayer.)

Ursprünglich war die obrigkeitliche Würde bei den Familienhäuptern, aber infolge der Vermehrung des menschlichen Geschlechtes ist sie auf gewisse bestimmte Personen übertragen worden.

2. In imperio constituendo jus ac potestas constituendi sibi magistratum jure naturali et gentium est penes populum. (Gerhard.)

Ist ein Reich erst zu errichten, so ist das Recht und die Gewalt sich eine Obrigkeit zu bestellen nach dem natürlichen und Völker⸗Recht bei dem Volke.

3. Causae ministeriales conferentes proxime magistratum, modi itidem acquirendi, per successionem, electionem, contractum, justo bello occupationem, sortitionem itidem, nec formam potestatis internam variant, nec quicquam divinae ejus origini derogant. (Scherzer.)

Die dienenden Ursachen, welche die obrigkeitliche Würde zunächst ertheilen, sowie die Arten dieselbe zu erlangen, durch Erbfolge, Wahl, Vertrag, Eroberung in gerechtem Kriege oder auch durch Loos, verändern weder das innerliche Wesen der Gewalt, noch benehmen sie etwas dem göttlichen Ursprunge derselben.

4. Τὸ ὑπερέχειν significat praeeminere de facto, abstrahendo titulum primae acquisitionis. (Idem.)

Das Gewalt haben bezeichnet ein thatsächliches, abgesehen von dem Rechtsgrund der ersten Erwerbung derselben.

5. Praescriptio si non valeat, quod regnum valebit? (Dannhauer.)

Wenn die Verjährung nicht gelten sollte, welches Reich wird dann noch für rechtmäßig gelten?

6. Qui dedit imperium Constantino christiano, ipse etiam dedit apostatae Iuliano. (Augustinus.)

Derselbe, welcher Constantin, dem Christen, das Regiment gegeben hat, hat es auch Julian, dem Abtrünnigen, gegeben.

7. Parendi necessitas incumbit iis, qui subditi sunt, non jure humano voluntario aut positivo, sed jure divino naturali, idque eodem modo quo jus et jurisdictio patria primo parenti collata est non a posteris nondum existentibus, neque etiam tunc, cum existerent, voluntarie coëuntibus seque sponte et libere subjicientibus protoplasto; quin potius per naturalem dependentiam sicut succum et sanguinem acceperunt a primo parente, sic etiam normam et mandata vivendi competentia creaturae rationali. (Huelsemann.)

Die Nothwendigkeit zu gehorchen liegt denjenigen, welche Unterthanen sind, nicht vermöge freien menschlichen oder positiven Rechtes ob, sondern nach göttlich natürlichem Rechte, und zwar gerade so, wie das väterliche Recht und dessen Handhabung dem Urvater verliehen worden ist nicht von seinen

303
Theological Axioms.

XXIII. On the Civil Authority.

1. In the beginning the magistracy resided with the heads of families, but with the increase of the human race it was conferred upon certain particular persons. (Kromayer.)

Originally the authority of magistracy rested with the heads of families, but as a result of the increase of the human race it has been transferred to certain designated persons.

2. In the founding of a realm, the right and power to appoint a magistrate for itself belongs, by natural and international law, to the people. (Gerhard.)

If a realm is first to be established, then the right and the power to appoint for itself an authority, according to natural and international law, belongs to the people.

3. The ministerial causes that most immediately confer the magistracy, as well as the ways of acquiring it likewise — by succession, election, contract, occupation in a just war, and likewise by lot — alter neither the inner form of the power, nor do they detract anything from its divine origin. (Scherzer.)

The serving causes which most immediately confer the authority of magistracy, as well as the ways of attaining it — through succession, election, treaty, conquest in a just war, or also by lot — change neither the inner essence of the power, nor do they take anything away from its divine origin.

4. "To be preeminent" (τὸ ὑπερέχειν) signifies factual pre-eminence, apart from the title of first acquisition. (Idem.)

Having power denotes something factual, apart from the legal ground of its first acquisition.

5. If prescription does not hold good, what kingdom will? (Dannhauer.)

If the statute of limitations were not to hold good, which kingdom would then still be reckoned lawful?

6. He who gave dominion to Constantine the Christian, the same also gave it to Julian the apostate. (Augustine.)

The very one who gave the government to Constantine, the Christian, gave it also to Julian, the apostate.

7. The necessity of obedience rests upon those who are subjects, not by voluntary or positive human law, but by divine natural law; and that in the very same way as the paternal right and jurisdiction was conferred upon the first parent — not by descendants not yet in existence, nor, even when they did exist, by their voluntarily coming together and of their own accord and freely subjecting themselves to the first-created man; but rather, just as through natural dependence they received body and blood from their first parent, so too they received the norm and commandments of living appropriate to a rational creature. (Huelsemann.)

The necessity of obedience does not lie upon those who are subjects by virtue of any free human or positive right, but according to divinely natural right, and indeed in just the same way as the paternal right, and its exercise, was granted to the first father — not by his