# Lehre und Wehre_St. Louis Missouri_October 1863_S304
# AI translation — CHI Digital Archive (demonstration)

304 Theological Axioms.

...not yet existing descendants, nor even then, when they did exist, by their voluntarily joining together and of their own free accord subjecting themselves to the first-created man; but rather, just as through their natural dependence they received body and soul from their first father, so too the precepts of life that belong to a rational creature.

8. There is granted to the magistracy the power that is advisory, legislative, judicial, and punitive (συμβουλευτική, νομοθετική, δικαστική, κολαστική). (Hollaz.)

To the civil authority is granted the power of care, of legislation, of judgment, and of punishment.

9. The magistracy is a power armed with the sword — not metaphorically, but synecdochically; not only with the judicial sword, but with the military sword as well. (Dannhauer.)

The civil authority is a power armed not with a metaphorical sword, but with a synecdochical one — armed not only with the judicial sword, but also with the sword of war.

10. The power of the magistracy is pre-eminent (ὑπερέχουσα) over every soul contained within the sphere of its realm. (Idem.)

The civil authority has power over every soul found within the whole compass of its realm.

11. The magistracy is a servant of God, but not likewise of the community. (Idem.)

The civil authority is a handmaid of God, but not in the same way a handmaid of the (civil) congregation.

12. Under "Caesar" are also to be understood his envoys, who, in what they do, act in Caesar's name. (Idem.)

Under "the Emperor" (or "the highest authority") are also to be understood the envoys sent by him, who, in what they do, act in the Emperor's name.

13. One who is king by title — though a tyrant in the exercise of power — may not rightfully be met with force by a subject. (Idem.)

He who by right is king may not be resisted with force by his subjects, even though in the exercise of his power he is a tyrant.

14. Since the sword is given to the magistrates and received by the subjects, whoever seizes it for himself intrudes into an office not his own. (Idem.)

Since the sword that is given belongs to the authorities, and the one that is received belongs to the subjects, whoever seizes it for himself trespasses into an office not his own.

15. It is unlawful for a subject, purely and simply as such, to seize the sword. (Idem.)

It is wrong for a subject to seize the sword, when he is merely and simply such a subject. —

16. A distinction must be made between subjects who are mere subjects and those who are not mere subjects. (Gerhard.)

A distinction must be made between mere subjects, and those who are not mere subjects.

17. A distinction must be made between princes of entire majesty and absolute power, and princes of limited power bound by covenants entered into between themselves and the estates of the realm, and circumscribed accordingly. (Gerhard.)